🐍 Python Tutorial: Standard Library

Python ships with a powerful and extensive standard library. It provides modules and functions for file I/O, system operations, regular expressions, data persistence, math, networking, and more—no need to install third-party packages for many common tasks.

1. os

Provides functions for interacting with the operating system:

import os

print(os.name)
print(os.getcwd())
os.mkdir("new_folder")

2. sys

Provides access to interpreter-specific variables and functions:

import sys

print(sys.version)
print(sys.argv)

3. math

Offers access to mathematical functions and constants:

import math

print(math.sqrt(16))
print(math.pi)

4. datetime

Supports working with dates and times:

from datetime import datetime

now = datetime.now()
print(now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))

5. random

Used for generating pseudo-random numbers:

import random

print(random.randint(1, 10))
print(random.choice(["apple", "banana", "cherry"]))

6. re

Provides tools for working with regular expressions:

import re

pattern = r"d+"
result = re.findall(pattern, "There are 24 apples and 17 bananas.")
print(result)

7. json

Allows you to encode and decode data in JSON format:

import json

data = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30}
json_str = json.dumps(data)
print(json_str)

parsed = json.loads(json_str)
print(parsed["name"])

Additional Resources & References